Sleeping Sickness - W.H.O declares Togo as first African country to eradicate it

 

The World Health Organization(WHO) has declared that Togo has become the first country in Africa to eliminate human African Trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness

 According to WHO , Togo has not reported any cases in the past 10 years.The west African country managed to achieve this after more than two decades of sustained political commitment,surveillance and screening of cases.

 Sleeping sickness also called "Human African trypanosomiasis" , is a widespread tropical disease that can be fatal if not treated. 

tsetse fly (image credit- CDC.gov)

 

 Sleeping Sickness is a vector-borne parasitic disease .

 

Caused by: It is caused by infection with protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Trypanosoma. 

Moon is Rusting and its Earth's fault

 ISRO'S CHANDRAYAAN-1 SPOTS RUSTING ON THE MOON

We know rusting exists on Earth , but now scientists have found that it is on the moon as well. The images sent by ISRO’s Chandrayaan 1 orbiter – India’s first mission to the moon, show that the moon may be rusting along the poles.

It is surprising because , water and oxygen is absent on moons surface.

 Rust, also known as iron oxide, is a reddish compound. It forms when the iron is exposed to water and oxygen.

(The blue areas in this composite image from  the Indian Space Research Organization's Chandrayaan-1 orbiter show water concentrated at the Moon's poles. researchers found signs of hematite, a form of rust.)

 

Possible reason behind this? What is the role of earth’s atmosphere in this phenomenon?

 

For iron to turn rusty red, it needs what’s called an oxidizer — a molecule such as oxygen that removes electrons from a material such as iron.

 

But, the moon doesn’t have an atmosphere of its own to provide sufficient amounts of oxygen, but it has trace amounts donated by Earth’s atmosphere.

 This terrestrial oxygen travels to the moon along an elongated extension of the planet’s magnetic field called a “magnetotail.”

At every full moon, the magnetotail blocks 99% of solar wind from blasting the moon, drawing a temporary curtain over the lunar surface, allowing periods of time for rust to form.

But, from where does the moon get water to form rust?

 

The moon is mostly devoid of water, but frozen water found in lunar craters on the moon’s far side — far from where most of the hematite was found. 

But the researchers propose that fast-moving dust particles that bombard the moon make, free water molecules locked into the moon’s surface layer, allowing the water to mix with the iron. These dust particles might even be carrying water molecules themselves, and their impact might create heat that could increase the oxidation rate.

 CHANDRAYAAN- 1 

Launched in 2008, It  is India’s first lunar probe. Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) lost communication with Chandrayaan-1 in August 2009.

 Later, NASA scientists found Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft, which was considered lost, by using a new ground-based radar technique.

Findings of Chandrayaan 1  -

• Confirmed presence of lunar water.

• Evidence of lunar caves formed by an ancient lunar lava flow.

• Past tectonic activity were found on the lunar surface.

  
  

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